Intersection cross-cut: tattoo-electronic ∩ sensor-glucose-cgm
Axes: form_factor × sensors
4 corpus entries disclose both tags.
Earliest disclosure: 2014-07
These entries are the direct inputs to OBVIOUSNESS_TEMPLATE.md. Any patent claim combining these two elements is anticipated or rendered obvious by the chain below.
Bandodkar & Wang (2014) — ‘Non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensors: a review’ (2014-07)
- id:
bandodkar-wang-2014-wearable-electrochemical-sensors-review - corpus: academic
- form factor: other
- creator: Amay J. Bandodkar / Joseph Wang (UC San Diego)
- disclosure: Bandodkar AJ, Wang J. ‘Non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensors: a review.’ Trends in Biotechnology 2014;32(7):363-371.
- ip status: public-domain
- sensors: sensor-lactate, sensor-electrolyte, sensor-ph, sensor-glucose-cgm, sensor-alcohol-transdermal, sensor-uric-acid, sensor-cortisol
- algorithms: algo-electrolyte-trend, algo-hydration-status
- prior art notes: Surveys, as of 2014, wearable non-invasive electrochemical biosensors across body fluids and form factors — temporary-tattoo electrodes on the skin (sweat lactate, Na+, ammonium, pH), textile-integrated sensors, mouthguard (saliva) sensors, contact-lens (tear glucose) sensors, and the transdermal/interstitial route — including the sampling, transduction, and on-body electronics issues. Prior art for wearable-electrochemical-sensing claims reciting any of the analyte/form-factor combinations collected here; the approaches were published by 2014. General anchor for the electrochemical wearable cross-cuts.
Bandodkar et al. (2015) — tattoo-based noninvasive glucose monitoring (2014-12-12)
- id:
bandodkar-2015-tattoo-glucose-sensor - corpus: academic
- form factor: tattoo-electronic
- creator: Amay J. Bandodkar / Joseph Wang group (UC San Diego)
- disclosure: Bandodkar AJ, Jia W, Yardımcı C, Wang X, Ramirez J, Wang J. ‘Tattoo-based noninvasive glucose monitoring: a proof-of-concept study.’ Analytical Chemistry 2015;87(1):394-398.
- ip status: public-domain
- sensors: sensor-glucose-cgm
- algorithms: algo-glucose-noninvasive
- prior art notes: Discloses a temporary-tattoo-format epidermal device that uses reverse iontophoresis to extract interstitial fluid through the skin and amperometric enzyme electrodes to measure glucose in it, demonstrating noninvasive transdermal glucose monitoring without a needle. Anticipates noninvasive-CGM claims combining ‘a skin-mounted tattoo/epidermal patch’, ‘iontophoretic extraction of interstitial fluid’, and ‘electrochemical glucose measurement at the skin surface’ from 2015. Anchor for the tattoo-electronic × glucose-CGM cross-cut on the real side; relevant to [[koh-rogers-2016-soft-microfluidic-sweat-device]] and the broader [[bandodkar-wang-2014-wearable-electrochemical-sensors-review]].
Koh et al. (Rogers group) (2016) — soft wearable microfluidic device for sweat capture, storage, and colorimetric sensing (2016-11-23)
- id:
koh-rogers-2016-soft-microfluidic-sweat-device - corpus: academic
- form factor: patch
- creator: Ahyeon Koh et al. / John A. Rogers group (Northwestern)
- disclosure: Koh A, Kang D, Xue Y, Lee S, Pielak RM, Kim J, et al. (Rogers JA). ‘A soft, wearable microfluidic device for the capture, storage, and colorimetric sensing of sweat.’ Science Translational Medicine 2016;8(366):366ra165.
- ip status: public-domain
- sensors: sensor-microfluidic-sweat-collection, sensor-sweat-rate, sensor-ph, sensor-lactate, sensor-electrolyte, sensor-glucose-cgm
- algorithms: algo-hydration-status, algo-electrolyte-trend
- prior art notes: Discloses a soft, skin-mounted microfluidic ‘sticker’ that wicks sweat from the skin into a network of microchannels and reservoirs, measures sweat rate and total sweat loss, and performs colorimetric assays (pH, chloride, lactate, glucose) read out by eye or smartphone camera. Any wearable claim reciting ‘a skin-mounted patch with microfluidic channels collecting perspiration’ combined with ‘rate measurement’ and/or ‘colorimetric or electrochemical analysis of constituents’ reads on Koh/Rogers 2016. Anchor for the patch × microfluidic-sweat-collection cross-cut on the real side; [[dune-stillsuit]] (1965) is the fictional antecedent.
Heikenfeld et al. (2018) — ‘Wearable sensors: modalities, challenges, and prospects’ (2018-01-16)
- id:
heikenfeld-2018-wearable-sensors-lab-on-chip-review - corpus: academic
- form factor: other
- creator: Jason Heikenfeld et al.
- disclosure: Heikenfeld J, Jajack A, Rogers J, Gutruf P, Tian L, Pan T, Li R, Khine M, Kim J, Wang J, Kim J. ‘Wearable sensors: modalities, challenges, and prospects.’ Lab on a Chip 2018;18(2):217-248.
- ip status: public-domain
- sensors: sensor-ppg, sensor-ecg, sensor-eeg, sensor-glucose-cgm, sensor-lactate, sensor-cortisol, sensor-skin-temperature, sensor-bioimpedance
- prior art notes: Authoritative 2018 review collecting wearable sensing across modalities — physical (motion, BCG/SCG, mechanoacoustic), electrophysiological (ECG/EMG/EEG), optical (PPG/SpO2, near-IR), thermal, electrochemical (sweat, saliva, tears, interstitial), and stimulation-coupled — across form factors (patch, watch, tattoo, contact lens, garment) and the challenges of body-fluid sampling, calibration, motion-artifact handling, and skin-electronics interfacing. Prior art establishing that the modality/form-factor combinations enumerated here were collected and surveyed by 2018; useful against later claims to those combinations. General anchor.