Cross-cut: sensor-dry-eeg-electrode

Axis: sensors

15 corpus entries disclose this tag.

Earliest disclosure: 1964-09

Listed in chronological order. Each entry’s prior_art_notes and disclosure_citation constitute the citeable prior art material.

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Cerebro (X-Men) — brain-amplifying head device for remote detection (1964-09)

• id: professor-x-cerebro
• corpus: fictional
• form factor: helmet
• creator: Stan Lee / Jack Kirby / Marvel Comics
• disclosure: The X-Men #7 (cover date September 1964), Marvel Comics; ‘Cerebro’ — a head-worn helmet/headset that amplifies the wearer’s neural signals to detect and geolocate other minds at a distance, with a display readout of the detections.
• ip status: fictional
• sensors: sensor-dry-eeg-electrode
• prior art notes: Discloses a head-worn device that couples to the wearer’s brain, amplifies the neural signal, uses it for a sensing task (detecting/locating other minds), and presents the results on a display. Relevant to neural-amplifier / brain-coupled-sensing claims combining ‘a head-worn neural pickup’, ‘signal amplification’, and ‘a derived detection output’. § 103 motivation as of 1964. Cf. [[strange-days-squid-recorder]], [[ghost-in-the-shell-cyberbrain]].

Mobile Suit Gundam — ‘psycommu’ head-worn neural interface for remote weapon control (1979-04-07)

• id: gundam-psycommu-interface
• corpus: fictional
• form factor: helmet
• creator: Yoshiyuki Tomino / Nippon Sunrise
• disclosure: Mobile Suit Gundam (Nippon Sunrise television series, premiered 7 April 1979); the ‘psycommu’ system — a head-worn interface that reads the pilot’s brainwaves to direct remote weapon units (‘funnels’/’bits’) and control the mobile suit without manual input.
• ip status: fictional
• sensors: sensor-dry-eeg-electrode
• prior art notes: Discloses a head-worn neural sensor that decodes the wearer’s intent from brain activity and uses it to command remote machines/weapons and a piloted vehicle hands-free. Relevant to wearable-BCI claims combining ‘a head-worn neural sensor array’, ‘decoding of operator intent’, and ‘transmission of commands to remote devices’. § 103 motivation that the wearable neural-control interface for remote devices was an articulated objective by 1979 — predating [[surrogates-neural-teleoperation-rig]].

Neuromancer — ‘trodes’ (head-worn cyberspace interface) and ‘simstim’ (worn sensory-broadcast rig) (1982-07)

• id: neuromancer-cyberspace-deck-trodes-and-simstim
• corpus: fictional
• form factor: headband
• creator: William Gibson
• disclosure: Gibson, William. ‘Burning Chrome’, Omni, July 1982 (and Neuromancer, Ace Books, 1984); ‘simstim’ — a worn rig that records and broadcasts one person’s complete sensory experience for another to inhabit — and the head-worn electrode set (‘trodes’) by which a ‘console cowboy’ jacks into the ‘matrix’/cyberspace.
• ip status: fictional
• sensors: sensor-dry-eeg-electrode
• prior art notes: Discloses (a) a head-worn, non-implanted electrode set providing bidirectional neural interface to a virtual/data environment, and (b) a worn rig that captures one wearer’s full multisensory stream and broadcasts it for another to experience. Relevant to wearable-BCI and wearable-sensory-broadcast claims. § 103 motivation as of 1982 — predating [[strange-days-squid-recorder]] (1995) for sensory broadcast, and a head-worn (non-implanted) alternative to [[the-matrix-headjack]]. Non-enabling.

Neon Genesis Evangelion — ‘plug suit’ and ‘A10 nerve clips’ (bio-monitoring suit + head-worn neural sync interface) (1995-10-04)

• id: nge-plug-suit-and-a10-clips
• corpus: fictional
• form factor: garment
• creator: Hideaki Anno / Gainax
• disclosure: Neon Genesis Evangelion (Gainax television series, premiered 4 October 1995); pilots wear a skin-tight pressurized ‘plug suit’ with continuous bio-monitoring and a measured ‘synchronization ratio’ with the mecha, plus ‘A10 nerve clips’ worn on the head that interface the pilot’s nervous system to the machine.
• ip status: fictional
• sensors: sensor-ecg, sensor-dry-eeg-electrode, sensor-respiration-impedance
• algorithms: algo-hr, algo-respiratory-rate
• prior art notes: Discloses (a) a form-fitting body garment with continuous vital-sign monitoring and a derived operator-machine synchronization metric, and (b) head-worn clips coupling the wearer’s nervous system to an external system. Relevant to instrumented-bodysuit claims combining ‘a close-fitting garment with distributed physiological sensors’ and ‘a derived synchronization/engagement metric’, and to head-worn neural-interface claims. § 103 motivation as of 1995. Cf. [[pacific-rim-drivesuit-and-conn-pod]] (a later dual-pilot variant).

Strange Days — SQUID head-worn neural experience recorder (1995-10-13)

• id: strange-days-squid-recorder
• corpus: fictional
• form factor: cap
• creator: Kathryn Bigelow / James Cameron (writer) / Lightstorm
• disclosure: Strange Days (Lightstorm Entertainment / 20th Century Fox), released October 13, 1995; the ‘SQUID’ — a fine wire-mesh cap worn under a hat that records the wearer’s full multisensory and emotional experience directly from the cerebral cortex for later playback into another person’s cortex.
• ip status: fictional
• sensors: sensor-dry-eeg-electrode, sensor-eeg
• prior art notes: Discloses a head-worn mesh of scalp electrodes that records a rich, multi-channel signal of the wearer’s perceptual and affective experience for storage and later replay. Relevant to wearable neural-recording claims combining ‘a head-worn array of scalp electrodes’, ‘acquisition of a multi-channel cortical signal’, ‘encoding of perceptual/affective content’, and ‘storage for later playback’. § 103 motivation that the wearable experience-recording headset was an articulated objective by 1995. Non-enabling on the encoding/playback; pair with enabling EEG/BCI art.

Surrogates — head-worn neural interface rig for robot-body telepresence (2005-08-17)

• id: surrogates-neural-teleoperation-rig
• corpus: fictional
• form factor: headband
• creator: Robert Venditti and Brett Weldele
• disclosure: Venditti, Robert; Weldele, Brett. The Surrogates #1. Top Shelf Productions, 2005 (film adaptation: Touchstone Pictures, 2009); operators recline in a chair wearing a head-mounted neural interface that captures their volition and sensory channels to remotely embody and control a humanoid robot ‘surrogate’, receiving its sensory feedback in return.
• ip status: fictional
• sensors: sensor-dry-eeg-electrode, sensor-eeg
• prior art notes: Discloses a head-worn neural-interface rig that reads the wearer’s motor intent and routes sensory feedback, used to teleoperate a humanoid robot with the operator perceiving through the robot’s sensors. Relevant to wearable-BCI teleoperation claims combining ‘a head-worn neural sensor array’, ‘decoding of motor intent’, ‘transmission of commands to a remote robot’, and ‘return of the robot’s sensory data to the wearer’. § 103 motivation that the wearable neural-interface telepresence rig was an articulated objective by 2005. Non-enabling; pair with enabling BCI/teleop art.

NeuroSky MindSet / MindWave (2007) — single dry-electrode consumer EEG headset (2007)

• id: neurosky-mindset-2007
• corpus: private
• form factor: headband
• creator: NeuroSky, Inc.
• disclosure: NeuroSky, Inc. ‘MindSet’ (and later ‘MindWave’) consumer EEG headset, with the ‘ThinkGear’ single dry forehead (Fp1) electrode and ear-clip reference, output as ‘eSense’ attention and meditation metrics plus raw EEG, first shown 2007.
• ip status: patented
• sensors: sensor-dry-eeg-electrode, sensor-eeg
• algorithms: algo-attention-state, algo-cognitive-workload
• prior art notes: Discloses a low-cost head-worn single-channel dry-electrode EEG device (forehead pickup, ear reference) outputting raw EEG plus derived ‘attention’ and ‘meditation/relaxation’ metrics to a paired device. Anticipates consumer-EEG-headband claims combining ‘a head-worn dry forehead electrode with an ear reference’, ‘on-device band-power feature extraction’, and ‘a derived attention/relaxation index’ from 2007. Product-side anchor for the headband × EEG cross-cut; predates Muse (2014) and Emotiv EPOC (2009).

Looney et al. (2012) — ‘The in-the-ear recording concept’ (ear-EEG) (2012-11)

• id: looney-mandic-2012-in-ear-eeg
• corpus: academic
• form factor: earbud
• creator: David Looney / Preben Kidmose / Danilo P. Mandic et al.
• disclosure: Looney D, Kidmose P, Park C, Ungstrup M, Rank ML, Rosenkranz K, Mandic DP. ‘The in-the-ear recording concept: user-centered and wearable brain monitoring.’ IEEE Pulse 2012;3(6):32-42. (See also Kidmose P, et al. ‘A study of evoked potentials from ear-EEG.’ IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2013;60(10):2824-2830.)
• ip status: public-domain
• sensors: sensor-dry-eeg-electrode, sensor-eeg
• algorithms: algo-drowsiness-detection, algo-sleep-staging, algo-bci-ssvep, algo-erp-classification
• prior art notes: Discloses recording EEG from electrodes placed inside the ear canal / concha of an individually-fitted earpiece — i.e. EEG in an earbud / hearing-aid form factor, demonstrated to capture alpha modulation, auditory steady-state and evoked responses. Any wearable claim reciting ‘EEG electrodes disposed on an in-ear earpiece to measure an electroencephalographic signal of the wearer’ reads on Looney et al. 2012. Anchor for the earbud/hearing-aid × EEG cross-cut; complementary to [[debener-2015-ceegrid-around-ear-eeg]] and [[zanetti-aminifar-atienza-eglass-2025]] (around-ear / temporal pickup).

Pacific Rim — Jaeger ‘Drivesuit’ and ‘Conn-Pod’ dual-pilot neural bridge (2013-07-12)

• id: pacific-rim-drivesuit-and-conn-pod
• corpus: fictional
• form factor: garment
• creator: Guillermo del Toro / Legendary Pictures
• disclosure: Pacific Rim (Warner Bros. / Legendary), released 12 July 2013; pilots wear a ‘Drivesuit’ (a body suit capturing motion and monitoring vitals) and a ‘relay-gel’/spinal-clamp helmet that creates a shared neural bridge (‘the Drift’) between two co-pilots and the mecha.
• ip status: fictional
• sensors: sensor-ecg, sensor-dry-eeg-electrode, sensor-accelerometer
• algorithms: algo-hr
• prior art notes: Discloses an instrumented pilot suit (motion capture + vital-sign monitoring) combined with head/spine-worn relays that establish a shared neural bridge between two operators and a controlled machine. Relevant to multi-operator neural-interface claims and to instrumented-bodysuit claims combining ‘a motion-capturing garment’, ‘vital-sign monitoring’, and ‘a head/spine neural relay linking multiple operators’. § 103 motivation as of 2013. Cf. [[nge-plug-suit-and-a10-clips]] (single-pilot), [[surrogates-neural-teleoperation-rig]].

OpenBCI Cyton — open-source 8-channel biosignal (EEG/EMG/ECG) acquisition board and 3D-printed headset (2014-01-22)

• id: openbci-cyton-2014
• corpus: open
• form factor: cap
• creator: Joel Murphy / Conor Russomanno (OpenBCI)
• disclosure: OpenBCI (Joel Murphy, Conor Russomanno). ‘OpenBCI: An Open Source Brain-Computer Interface For Makers.’ Kickstarter campaign launched 22 January 2014; hardware designs and firmware released open source at github.com/OpenBCI (Cyton board, Ganglion board, Ultracortex Mark IV 3D-printed headset).
• ip status: open-permissive
• sensors: sensor-saline-eeg-electrode, sensor-dry-eeg-electrode, sensor-emg, sensor-ecg
• algorithms: algo-bci-p300, algo-bci-ssvep, algo-bci-motor-imagery
• prior art notes: An openly-published, openly-licensed wearable biosignal acquisition system: a multi-channel ADS1299-based board, electrodes, and a 3D-printed head-worn frame for EEG/EMG/ECG, with reference firmware and BCI demonstrations. As open-hardware prior art it is unencumbered: any claim reciting a multi-channel head-worn biopotential acquisition device with the features published here (since 2014) reads on OpenBCI. Anchors the open bucket for biosignal wearables; relevant to headband/cap EEG and to EMG/ECG wearable claims.

Muse headband (InteraXon, 2014) — multi-channel dry-electrode EEG headband for meditation and sleep (2014-05)

• id: muse-headband-2014
• corpus: private
• form factor: headband
• creator: InteraXon Inc.
• disclosure: InteraXon Inc. ‘Muse’ brain-sensing headband, shipped 2014 — a forehead-band EEG device with frontal (AF7/AF8/Fp1/Fp2-region) and behind-the-ear (TP9/TP10) dry/conductive-rubber electrodes, giving real-time neurofeedback for meditation (and, in ‘Muse S’, sleep tracking).
• ip status: patented
• sensors: sensor-dry-eeg-electrode, sensor-eeg
• algorithms: algo-attention-state, algo-cognitive-workload, algo-sleep-staging
• prior art notes: Discloses a forehead-band wearable EEG device with frontal and behind-the-ear (TP9/TP10) dry electrodes providing real-time neurofeedback for meditation training and (later) sleep staging. Anticipates EEG-headband claims combining ‘a forehead band’, ‘frontal and mastoid/behind-ear dry electrodes’, and ‘real-time feedback on a meditation or sleep state’ from 2014. Note: its TP9/TP10 around-ear pickup is the same general region used by [[zanetti-aminifar-atienza-eglass-2025]] — relevant prior art for around-ear-EEG wearable claims. Product-side anchor for the headband × EEG cross-cut.

Debener et al. (2015) — cEEGrid: unobtrusive around-the-ear EEG with flexible printed electrodes (2015-11-17)

• id: debener-2015-ceegrid-around-ear-eeg
• corpus: academic
• form factor: patch
• creator: Stefan Debener / Martin G. Bleichner et al. (Oldenburg)
• disclosure: Debener S, Emkes R, De Vos M, Bleichner MG. ‘Unobtrusive ambulatory EEG using a smartphone and flexible printed electrodes around the ear.’ Scientific Reports 2015;5:16743.
• ip status: public-domain
• sensors: sensor-dry-eeg-electrode, sensor-eeg
• algorithms: algo-erp-classification, algo-sleep-staging, algo-drowsiness-detection
• prior art notes: Discloses a flexible, printed, C-shaped electrode array worn around the ear (behind and below the auricle) for unobtrusive ambulatory EEG, recorded to a smartphone-class device. Any wearable claim reciting ‘an array of EEG electrodes arranged around/behind the ear of the wearer’ (the geometry used by EEG glasses, EEG earbuds, and EEG behind-the-ear stickers) reads on Debener et al. 2015. Directly relevant prior art for [[zanetti-aminifar-atienza-eglass-2025]] (which uses temporal/around-ear pickup) and for around-ear-EEG hearable claims; anchor for that cross-cut.

Black Mirror ‘Crocodile’ — portable memory-extraction device (‘the recaller’) (2017-12-29)

• id: black-mirror-crocodile-recaller
• corpus: fictional
• form factor: headband
• creator: Charlie Brooker / House of Tomorrow
• disclosure: Black Mirror, ‘Crocodile’ (Netflix, 29 December 2017); a portable device with a small sensor placed on a person’s temple reads and displays their memories of an event for insurance/forensic corroboration.
• ip status: fictional
• sensors: sensor-dry-eeg-electrode
• prior art notes: Discloses a portable temple-applied sensor that decodes and displays a subject’s recalled visual memory of a target event. Relevant to neural-decoding claims combining ‘a scalp/temple electrode’, ‘evocation of a specific episodic memory’, and ‘reconstruction of a visual representation’. § 103 motivation that portable memory readout was an articulated objective by 2017. Cf. [[strange-days-squid-recorder]] (recording rather than later readout).

CTRL-labs (later Meta) wrist surface-EMG band (2018) — neural-interface wristband for finger/hand intent decoding (2018-10)

• id: ctrl-labs-meta-wrist-emg-2018
• corpus: private
• form factor: armband
• creator: CTRL-Labs Corp. (Thomas Reardon, Patrick Kaifosh, Tim Machado); later Meta Reality Labs
• disclosure: CTRL-Labs Corp. (Thomas Reardon, Patrick Kaifosh, Tim Machado) — surface-EMG wristband (‘CTRL-kit’) publicly demonstrated October 2018 at TechCrunch Disrupt and elsewhere: a wrist-worn band of dry EMG electrodes that decodes individual motor-unit firings on the wrist/forearm to infer finger/hand intent (including individuated finger movement and even imagined movement) as an input modality. CTRL-labs was acquired by Facebook (later Meta) in September 2019; the Meta production wristband for AR glasses is the descendant.
• ip status: patented
• sensors: sensor-emg, sensor-dry-eeg-electrode
• algorithms: algo-hand-gesture-emg, algo-keystroke-emg
• prior art notes: Discloses a wrist-worn band of dry surface-EMG electrodes that decodes individual motor-unit firings to infer fine finger and hand intent — including individuated single-finger motions and ‘imagined’ movements with no overt muscle contraction — as a continuous neural-control input modality. Distinct from gross-gesture EMG decoders ([[myo-armband-2014]]) in its motor-unit-level resolution. Anticipates neural-interface-wristband claims combining ‘a wrist band of surface-EMG electrodes’, ‘motor-unit-level decoding’, and ‘individual finger / imagined-movement output’ from 2018. Product-side anchor for the wrist × EMG × neural-input cross-cut; the Meta production wristband descends from it.

e-Glass (Zanetti, Aminifar, Atienza; EPFL, 2025) — wearable EEG eyeglasses (2025-11-29)

• id: zanetti-aminifar-atienza-eglass-2025
• corpus: academic
• form factor: glasses
• creator: Renato Zanetti / Amir Aminifar / David Atienza (EPFL ESL)
• disclosure: Zanetti R, Aminifar A, Atienza D, et al. ‘e-Glass: …’ (wearable EEG monitoring in an eyeglasses form factor with edge ML for seizure detection and cognitive-workload monitoring). Scientific Reports 2025. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-29893-4.
• ip status: unknown
• sensors: sensor-dry-eeg-electrode, sensor-eeg
• algorithms: algo-seizure-detection, algo-cognitive-workload
• prior art notes: Discloses an eyeglasses-form-factor wearable EEG monitor with dry electrodes at the temples / around the ears (temporal/occipital pickup, validated against a reference montage at r≈0.93) and on-device machine learning for two applications — ambulatory seizure detection and cognitive-workload monitoring. Relevant to AR-glasses / smart-eyewear claims reciting ‘EEG electrodes integrated into an eyeglasses frame’ and ‘an on-device classifier operating on the EEG’. Anchor for the glasses × EEG cross-cut. Bounds the application space: temple/around-ear contact supports seizure, drowsiness, attention, SSVEP — not frontal ERP or motor-imagery BCI.