Intersection cross-cut: ring ∩ algo-hr

Axes: form_factor × algorithms

4 corpus entries disclose both tags.

Earliest disclosure: 2001-07

These entries are the direct inputs to OBVIOUSNESS_TEMPLATE.md. Any patent claim combining these two elements is anticipated or rendered obvious by the chain below.

MIT wearable ring sensor (Rhee, Yang, Asada) — finger-ring PPG for ambulatory monitoring (2001-07)

  • id: asada-mit-wearable-ring-sensor-2003
  • corpus: academic
  • form factor: ring
  • creator: Sokwoo Rhee / Boo-Ho Yang / Haruhiko Harry Asada (MIT d’Arbeloff Lab)
  • disclosure: Rhee S, Yang B-H, Asada HH. ‘Artifact-resistant power-efficient design of finger-ring plethysmographic sensors.’ IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 2001;48(7):795-805 (and Asada HH, Shaltis P, Reisner A, Rhee S, Hutchinson RC. ‘Mobile monitoring with wearable photoplethysmographic biosensors.’ IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 2003;22(3):28-40).
  • ip status: patented
  • sensors: sensor-ppg, sensor-accelerometer
  • algorithms: algo-hr, algo-spo2-estimation
  • prior art notes: Discloses a finger-ring-form-factor wearable PPG sensor with motion-artifact-resistant optical/mechanical design, low-power operation, on-body processing, and wireless telemetry of heart rate and SpO2 for ambulatory monitoring — i.e. the smart-ring physiological monitor, ~14 years before the commercial smart-ring wave. Directly anticipates ring-form claims combining ‘a ring body’, ‘a PPG emitter/detector at the inner ring surface’, ‘motion-artifact compensation’, and ‘wireless transmission of derived vitals’. Anchor for the ring × PPG cross-cut; [[oura-ring-gen1-2015]] and similar products descend from it.

Oura Ring (Gen 1, 2015) — finger-ring PPG, skin-temperature and accelerometer for HRV, sleep and body temperature (2015-08)

  • id: oura-ring-gen1-2015
  • corpus: private
  • form factor: ring
  • creator: Oura Health Oy
  • disclosure: Oura Health Oy. ‘Oura Ring’ (1st generation), crowdfunded 2015, shipped 2016 — a titanium finger ring with infrared photoplethysmography, an NTC skin-temperature sensor, and a 3-axis accelerometer, deriving resting heart rate, heart-rate variability, respiratory rate, sleep staging, and body-temperature trend.
  • ip status: patented
  • sensors: sensor-ppg, sensor-skin-temperature, sensor-accelerometer
  • algorithms: algo-hr, algo-hrv, algo-respiratory-rate, algo-sleep-staging
  • prior art notes: Discloses a finger-ring wearable with infrared PPG, a skin-temperature sensor, and an accelerometer, deriving resting HR, HRV, respiratory rate, sleep stages, and a body-temperature trend, with companion-app readout. A commercial realization, ~12-16 years later, of the MIT ring-sensor concept ([[asada-mit-wearable-ring-sensor-2003]]); to the extent later claims recite ring-form PPG + skin-temperature + HRV/sleep, both Asada 2003 and Oura 2015 are prior art. Product-side anchor for the ring × PPG × HRV and ring × skin-temperature cross-cuts.

Ultrahuman Ring AIR (2023) — smart ring with metabolic-focus tracking (PPG, skin temperature, IMU) (2023)

  • id: ultrahuman-ring-air-2023
  • corpus: private
  • form factor: ring
  • creator: Ultrahuman Healthcare Pvt. Ltd.
  • disclosure: Ultrahuman Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. ‘Ultrahuman Ring AIR’, launched 2023 — a titanium smart ring with infrared photoplethysmography, IR skin-temperature, and a 6-axis IMU, deriving HR, HRV, skin temperature, sleep staging, activity, and metabolic-health framing (paired with the company’s CGM-based metabolism platform).
  • ip status: patented
  • sensors: sensor-ppg, sensor-skin-temperature, sensor-accelerometer, sensor-gyroscope
  • algorithms: algo-hr, algo-hrv, algo-sleep-staging, algo-respiratory-rate
  • prior art notes: Discloses a smart ring with IR PPG, skin-temperature, and a 6-axis IMU, deriving HR/HRV, sleep, and activity, packaged with a metabolic-health platform (CGM-linked). Product-side reference in the ring × PPG cross-cut alongside [[oura-ring-gen1-2015]] and [[samsung-galaxy-ring-2024]].

Samsung Galaxy Ring (2024) — smart ring with PPG, skin temperature and accelerometer for HR/HRV, sleep and cycle tracking (2024-07-10)

  • id: samsung-galaxy-ring-2024
  • corpus: private
  • form factor: ring
  • creator: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
  • disclosure: Samsung Electronics. ‘Samsung Galaxy Ring’, announced July 2024 — a finger ring with infrared photoplethysmography, an IR skin-temperature sensor, and a 3-axis accelerometer, deriving heart rate, heart-rate variability, skin temperature, sleep staging, activity, snore detection, and (with cycle-tracking) menstrual-cycle predictions.
  • ip status: patented
  • sensors: sensor-ppg, sensor-skin-temperature, sensor-accelerometer
  • algorithms: algo-hr, algo-hrv, algo-respiratory-rate, algo-sleep-staging, algo-snore-detection, algo-step-count
  • prior art notes: Discloses a smart ring with infrared PPG, IR skin-temperature, and accelerometer, deriving HR/HRV, sleep, snore detection, activity, and menstrual-cycle prediction — a Samsung entry directly in the wake of [[oura-ring-gen1-2015]] and the [[asada-mit-wearable-ring-sensor-2003]] academic root. Product-side reference in the ring × PPG × HRV cross-cut alongside Oura.

Public domain (CC0 1.0). The corpus IS the prior art commons.

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