Intersection cross-cut: garment ∩ sensor-piezoelectric
Axes: form_factor × sensors
3 corpus entries disclose both tags.
Earliest disclosure: 2005-09
These entries are the direct inputs to OBVIOUSNESS_TEMPLATE.md. Any patent claim combining these two elements is anticipated or rendered obvious by the chain below.
Paradiso et al. (2005) — ‘A wearable health care system based on knitted integrated sensors’ (WEALTHY) (2005-09)
- id:
paradiso-2005-wealthy-knitted-smart-shirt - corpus: academic
- form factor: garment
- creator: Rita Paradiso / Giannicola Loriga / Nicola Taccini (Smartex / CNR, Italy; EU WEALTHY consortium)
- disclosure: Paradiso R, Loriga G, Taccini N. ‘A wearable health care system based on knitted integrated sensors.’ IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine 2005;9(3):337-344. (Output of the EU FP5 ‘WEALTHY’ project, 2002-2005.)
- ip status: public-domain
- sensors: sensor-ecg, sensor-respiration-impedance, sensor-piezoelectric, sensor-accelerometer, sensor-skin-temperature
- algorithms: algo-hr, algo-respiratory-rate, algo-activity-classification
- prior art notes: Discloses a smart shirt with electrodes and sensors knitted directly into the textile (conductive yarns forming dry ECG electrodes; piezoresistive yarns forming respiration sensors via thoracic/abdominal expansion; accelerometer; temperature) plus an on-garment electronic interface and wireless link, deriving ECG, heart rate, respiration, posture/activity, and temperature — i.e. a fully integrated textile-electrode wearable. Any claim reciting ‘an item of clothing with electrodes/sensors integrated into the fabric structure for physiological monitoring’ reads on Paradiso 2005. Anchor for the garment × textile-electrode cross-cut; the foundational EU project for the smart-shirt patent space (Hexoskin, Cityzen, etc. all build on this lineage).
Hexoskin smart shirt (2014) — textile-integrated ECG, respiration and activity garment (2013)
- id:
hexoskin-smart-shirt-2014 - corpus: private
- form factor: garment
- creator: Carre Technologies Inc.
- disclosure: Carre Technologies Inc. (Hexoskin). ‘Hexoskin Smart Shirt’, introduced 2013 (consumer); a compression shirt with knitted dry textile electrodes for single-lead ECG, two-channel respiratory inductive plethysmography (thoracic + abdominal expansion), a 3-axis accelerometer, and a removable electronics pod, deriving HR, HRV, breathing rate/volume, cadence, steps, and sleep. (Used in NASA/CSA ‘Astroskin’ studies.)
- ip status: patented
- sensors: sensor-ecg, sensor-respiration-impedance, sensor-piezoelectric, sensor-accelerometer
- algorithms: algo-hr, algo-hrv, algo-respiratory-rate, algo-activity-classification, algo-sleep-staging
- prior art notes: Discloses a consumer/research compression shirt with textile-integrated dry ECG electrodes, two-channel respiratory inductive plethysmography (thoracic + abdominal), an accelerometer, and a removable electronics pod, deriving HR, HRV, breathing rate and volume, activity, and sleep. A commercial realization of [[paradiso-2005-wealthy-knitted-smart-shirt]]; anticipates smart-shirt claims combining ‘textile-integrated ECG and respiration sensors’ and ‘a detachable electronics module’ from 2013. Product-side anchor for the garment × textile-electrode cross-cut.
Inan et al. (2015) — ballistocardiography and seismocardiography review (2014-10-07)
- id:
inan-2015-bcg-scg-review - corpus: academic
- form factor: other
- creator: Omer T. Inan et al.
- disclosure: Inan OT, Migeotte P-F, Park K-S, Etemadi M, Tavakolian K, Casanella R, Zanetti J, Tank J, Funtova I, Prisk GK, Di Rienzo M. ‘Ballistocardiography and seismocardiography: a review of recent advances.’ IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics 2015;19(4):1414-1427.
- ip status: public-domain
- sensors: sensor-accelerometer, sensor-piezoelectric
- algorithms: algo-hr, algo-hrv, algo-pwv-bp-estimation
- prior art notes: Reviews ballistocardiography (whole-body reaction force from cardiac ejection, measured at the seat/scale/bed) and seismocardiography (local chest vibration from cardiac motion, measured by accelerometers on the sternum) and their integration into bathroom scales, weighing chairs, beds, and chest patches — i.e. the mechanical-cardiac-signal route to heart rate, HRV, and cardiac-timing-interval / stroke-volume estimation. Prior art for claims reciting ‘measuring cardiac activity from a body-worn or support-mounted accelerometer/force sensor’, as both the BCG and SCG approaches and their wearable instantiations were collected and reviewed by 2015. Anchor for the BCG/SCG cross-cut.