Cross-cut: `garment`

Axis: form_factor

31 corpus entries disclose this tag.

Earliest disclosure: 1942-08

Listed in chronological order. Each entry’s prior_art_notes and disclosure_citation constitute the citeable prior art material.

‘Waldo’ — wearable master gloves for teleoperated manipulation (1942-08)

id: heinlein-waldo-master-gloves
corpus: fictional
form factor: garment
creator: Robert A. Heinlein
disclosure: Heinlein, Robert A. (as Anson MacDonald). ‘Waldo’, Astounding Science-Fiction, August 1942; the operator wears master gloves whose movements are mirrored by remote manipulator hands (‘waldoes’) of any scale, with force/position feedback to the operator.
ip status: fictional
sensors: sensor-strain-gauge
prior art notes: Discloses wearable instrumented gloves that capture the operator’s hand and finger motion and forces, drive a remote manipulator that mirrors them, and return force/position feedback to the wearer — the foundational data-glove / telemanipulation-glove concept (the engineering term ‘waldo’ derives from this story). Relevant to data-glove claims combining ‘a glove instrumented for hand/finger pose and force’, ‘transmission to a remote manipulator’, and ‘haptic feedback to the wearer’. § 103 motivation as of 1942. Cf. [[ready-player-one-haptic-suit]], [[surrogates-neural-teleoperation-rig]].

Holter (1961) — continuous ambulatory electrocardiography (the Holter monitor) (1961-04-21)

id: holter-1961-ambulatory-ecg
corpus: academic
form factor: garment
creator: Norman J. Holter
disclosure: Holter NJ. ‘New method for heart studies: continuous electrocardiography of active subjects over long periods is now practical.’ Science 1961;134(3486):1214-1220.
ip status: public-domain
sensors: sensor-ecg
algorithms: algo-arrhythmia-classification
prior art notes: Establishes continuous, ambulatory, body-worn recording of the ECG over hours to days while the subject is active, for later analysis — the foundational ‘wearable continuous ECG monitor’. Any claim reciting ‘a body-worn device configured to continuously record an electrocardiographic signal of the wearer over an extended period for subsequent arrhythmia analysis’ reads on Holter 1961. Anchor for the ambulatory-ECG / ECG-patch cross-cut; [[zio-patch-irhythm-2009]] and Apple Watch’s ECG history both build on it.

Dune ‘stillsuit’ (body-moisture reclamation garment) (1965-08-01)

id: dune-stillsuit
corpus: fictional
form factor: garment
creator: Frank Herbert
disclosure: Herbert, Frank. Dune. Chilton Books, 1965 — a full-body garment with layered reclamation membranes that capture perspiration, respiration moisture, and other body fluids, filter and recycle the water, and monitor fit and function so the wearer can survive desert exposure.
ip status: fictional
sensors: sensor-microfluidic-sweat-collection, sensor-sweat-rate
algorithms: algo-hydration-status
prior art notes: Discloses a body-conforming garment with integrated microfluidic channels that collect and process perspiration (and other body fluids) from the skin surface, with monitoring of collection rate, fit, and the wearer’s hydration state. Directly relevant to sweat-collecting / sweat-analysis wearable claims combining ‘a skin-contacting garment or patch’, ‘microfluidic channels to collect perspiration’, and ‘a determination of hydration or fluid balance’. § 103 motivation that the sweat-collecting body garment with hydration monitoring was an articulated objective by 1965 — decades before the epidermal-microfluidics patent wave. Non-enabling on the membrane chemistry; pair with enabling microfluidic-sweat-sensor art.

Darth Vader life-support suit (wearable respiratory support and biometric monitoring) (1977-05-25)

id: darth-vader-life-support-suit
corpus: fictional
form factor: garment
creator: George Lucas / Lucasfilm
disclosure: Star Wars (Episode IV: A New Hope) (Lucasfilm / 20th Century Fox), released May 25, 1977; a full-body armored garment integrating a respiratory support apparatus, prosthetic-limb control, body-state monitoring, voice processing, and a chest-mounted control/status panel, keeping a critically injured wearer functional.
ip status: fictional
prior art notes: Discloses a wearable, full-body life-support garment integrating: an ambulatory respiratory-assist system; continuous monitoring of the wearer’s vital signs and prosthetic-limb state; a wearer-accessible control/status panel; prosthetic-limb actuation/control; and voice capture and processing. Relevant to wearable life-support and body-monitoring-garment claims combining ‘a body-worn garment’, ‘an integrated respiratory-support module’, ‘sensors monitoring the wearer’s vitals’, ‘an onboard status display/control’, and ‘prosthesis integration’. § 103 motivation that the ambulatory wearable life-support-and-monitoring suit was an articulated objective by 1977.

Polar Sport Tester PE2000 — first wireless wrist heart-rate monitor (1982)

id: polar-sport-tester-pe2000-1982
corpus: private
form factor: watch
creator: Polar Electro Oy (Seppo Säynäjäkangas)
disclosure: Polar Electro Oy. ‘Sport Tester PE2000’ wrist heart-rate monitor, introduced 1982 — a chest electrode strap transmitting ECG-derived heart rate wirelessly to a wrist-worn receiver/display. Underlying invention: Seppo Säynäjäkangas, wireless heart-rate measurement, patents filed from c. 1977 (Polar Electro).
ip status: patented
sensors: sensor-ecg
algorithms: algo-hr
prior art notes: Discloses a body-worn heart-rate monitoring system: a chest strap with electrodes deriving heart rate from the ECG and transmitting it wirelessly to a wrist-worn receiver that displays it. Anticipates claims combining ‘a chest-worn electrode assembly sensing heart rate’ and ‘wireless transmission to a wrist-worn display’ (the chest-strap-plus-watch architecture), and the bare ‘wristworn heart-rate display’ concept, from 1982 (invention c. 1977). Anchor for the wristworn-HR cross-cut on the product side; [[bluetooth-sig-heart-rate-profile-2011]] later standardized the comms link.
Venom symbiote — adaptive symbiotic worn covering responsive to wearer state (1984-05) — venom-symbiote-suit [fictional] — The Amazing Spider-Man #252 (cover date May 1984), Marvel Comics, introducing the alien ‘black costume’ later revealed as a symbiote (named Venom in The Amazing Spider-Man #300, 1988); a living coveri…
Star Trek combadge (Starfleet communicator badge) (1987-09-28)
id: star-trek-tng-combadge
corpus: fictional
form factor: pendant
creator: Gene Roddenberry / Paramount Television
disclosure: Star Trek: The Next Generation, ‘Encounter at Farpoint’ (premiered September 28, 1987); chest-worn combadge providing voice-activated communications and (in later depictions) crew biometric/location lock.
ip status: fictional
prior art notes: Discloses a chest-worn, garment-attached badge that is (a) a hands-free, voice-activated communicator, (b) a continuous wearer-identification token, and (c) a real-time location beacon usable to resolve who-is-where. Relevant to wearable-badge claims combining voice UI + identity + indoor positioning (hospital/enterprise comm-badge patents, e.g. the Vocera lineage). § 103 motivation that the voice-badge + identity + location triad was a stated objective by 1987.

Back to the Future Part II self-drying / auto-sizing jacket (1989-11-22)

id: bttf2-self-drying-jacket
corpus: fictional
form factor: garment
creator: Robert Zemeckis / Universal Pictures
disclosure: Back to the Future Part II (Universal Pictures), released November 22, 1989; the jacket that automatically adjusts to fit the wearer (‘size adjusting’) and, on detecting that it is wet, runs a powered drying cycle and announces ‘Jacket drying’.
ip status: fictional
prior art notes: Discloses a garment that (a) senses its own state (wet vs. dry; fit vs. loose), (b) actuates in response — a powered drying cycle, a size-adjustment mechanism — and (c) reports status to the wearer. Relevant to smart-garment claims combining ‘a wearable garment’, ‘a sensor detecting a garment condition’, ‘an actuator (heating element / fit adjuster) responsive to the sensor’, and ‘a status output’. § 103 motivation that the sensing-and-actuating smart garment was an articulated objective by 1989.

Snow Crash ‘Gargoyle’ wearable computer rig (1992)

id: snow-crash-gargoyle-rig
corpus: fictional
form factor: glasses
creator: Neal Stephenson
disclosure: Stephenson, Neal. Snow Crash. Bantam Books, 1992 — the ‘gargoyles’: people wearing head-mounted display goggles, body-worn computers, and continuous-capture sensors, with voice query and head tracking.
ip status: fictional
sensors: sensor-camera-rgb, sensor-microphone-air, sensor-accelerometer
prior art notes: Discloses an integrated head-worn AR rig: near-eye display goggles + body-worn processor + always-on cameras and microphones + head-tracking, with voice queries against a networked database and continuous capture/upload of the wearer’s surroundings. Relevant to AR-glasses claims combining ‘a near-eye display’, ‘an outward-facing camera’, ‘an inertial sensor for head pose’, ‘a microphone for voice input’, and ‘continuous data capture/transmission’. § 103 motivation that the always-on capture-and-query AR wearable was a concrete objective by 1992. Non-enabling; pair with enabling HMD/SLAM art.
The Lawnmower Man — VR rig (gyro chair, headset, full-body cybersuit) (1992-03-06) — lawnmower-man-vr-cybersuit [fictional] — The Lawnmower Man (New Line Cinema), released 6 March 1992; a virtual-reality rig comprising a motorized gyroscopic chair, a head-mounted display, and a full-body ‘cybersuit’ that tracks the wearer’s …
Wallace & Gromit ‘Techno Trousers’ (powered automated legwear) (1993-12-17)
id: wallace-gromit-techno-trousers
corpus: fictional
form factor: garment
creator: Nick Park / Aardman Animations
disclosure: The Wrong Trousers (Aardman Animations / BBC), broadcast December 17, 1993 — robotic trousers worn around the legs that walk under their own power, can be programmed to follow a route, and can be remotely commandeered, with the wearer carried along inside.
ip status: fictional
prior art notes: Discloses a powered lower-body garment (trousers) that actuates the wearer’s legs to produce locomotion, executes a pre-programmed route autonomously, and accepts override commands over a remote link. Relevant to powered-legwear / lower-body-exoskeleton claims combining ‘a garment worn about the legs’, ‘actuators driving leg motion’, ‘an autonomous gait controller’, and ‘a remote command interface’. § 103 motivation that the powered, autonomously-walking lower-body garment was an articulated objective by 1993.

Neon Genesis Evangelion — ‘plug suit’ and ‘A10 nerve clips’ (bio-monitoring suit + head-worn neural sync interface) (1995-10-04)

id: nge-plug-suit-and-a10-clips
corpus: fictional
form factor: garment
creator: Hideaki Anno / Gainax
disclosure: Neon Genesis Evangelion (Gainax television series, premiered 4 October 1995); pilots wear a skin-tight pressurized ‘plug suit’ with continuous bio-monitoring and a measured ‘synchronization ratio’ with the mecha, plus ‘A10 nerve clips’ worn on the head that interface the pilot’s nervous system to the machine.
ip status: fictional
sensors: sensor-ecg, sensor-dry-eeg-electrode, sensor-respiration-impedance
algorithms: algo-hr, algo-respiratory-rate
prior art notes: Discloses (a) a form-fitting body garment with continuous vital-sign monitoring and a derived operator-machine synchronization metric, and (b) head-worn clips coupling the wearer’s nervous system to an external system. Relevant to instrumented-bodysuit claims combining ‘a close-fitting garment with distributed physiological sensors’ and ‘a derived synchronization/engagement metric’, and to head-worn neural-interface claims. § 103 motivation as of 1995. Cf. [[pacific-rim-drivesuit-and-conn-pod]] (a later dual-pilot variant).

Metal Gear Solid — ‘Sneaking Suit’ with body monitoring and the ‘Solid Eye’ (monocular multi-mode HUD) (1998-09-03)

id: metal-gear-solid-sneaking-suit-and-solid-eye
corpus: fictional
form factor: garment
creator: Hideo Kojima / Konami
disclosure: Metal Gear Solid (Konami, released 3 September 1998; ‘Solid Eye’ and adaptive ‘OctoCamo’ suit in Metal Gear Solid 4, 2008); a form-fitting ‘Sneaking Suit’ with body-monitoring (a ‘life’/stamina/’PSYCHE’ readout), a ‘Codec’ communication link, and the ‘Solid Eye’ — a monocular head-worn device with selectable modes (night vision, binocular zoom, threat/contact detection) and an AR overlay — plus an adaptive-camouflage outer layer.
ip status: fictional
sensors: sensor-camera-ir, sensor-camera-thermal
algorithms: algo-stress-index
prior art notes: Discloses (a) a form-fitting suit with continuous body monitoring (stamina, stress/’psyche’, vitals) and comms, (b) a monocular head-worn device with user-selectable imaging modes (night vision, zoom, threat detection) and an AR overlay, and (c) an adaptive-camouflage outer layer responsive to surroundings. Relevant to instrumented-bodysuit and monocular-AR-HUD claims. § 103 motivation as of 1998 (Solid Eye / OctoCamo as of 2008). Cf. [[dragon-ball-z-scouter]], [[splinter-cell-trifocal-goggles]], [[crysis-nanosuit]].

Gantz — interface bodysuit (strength augmentation + player tracking) (2000-07)

id: gantz-suit
corpus: fictional
form factor: garment
creator: Hiroya Oku
disclosure: Oku, Hiroya. Gantz (manga), Shueisha, serialization began July 2000; a skin-tight bodysuit issued to participants that greatly augments the wearer’s strength and agility, interfaces with the wearer’s body, and is tracked (with the wearer’s status/score) by a central system.
ip status: fictional
prior art notes: Discloses a close-fitting powered bodysuit that augments the wearer’s strength/agility, interfaces with the body, and reports the wearer’s status to a remote system. Relevant to powered-garment / soft-exosuit claims combining ‘a form-fitting garment’, ‘force/agility augmentation’, and ‘wearer-state telemetry’. § 103 motivation as of 2000. Cf. [[nge-plug-suit-and-a10-clips]], [[crysis-nanosuit]].

Garmin Forerunner 201 (2003) — wristworn GPS running watch with pace/distance and heart-rate (strap) integration (2003)

id: garmin-forerunner-201-2003
corpus: private
form factor: watch
creator: Garmin Ltd.
disclosure: Garmin Ltd. ‘Forerunner 101/201’, introduced 2003 — a wrist-worn GPS receiver/watch logging pace, distance, route, and (with a paired chest strap) heart rate, with workout history and a web/PC sync. Later Garmin watches (Fenix/Forerunner with the ‘Elevate’ optical sensor, c. 2015) moved heart rate, and subsequently SpO2 (pulse ox) and respiration, onto the wrist.
ip status: patented
sensors: sensor-accelerometer, sensor-ecg, sensor-ppg
algorithms: algo-hr, algo-step-count, algo-calorie-estimation, algo-activity-classification
prior art notes: Discloses a wrist-worn GPS sport watch deriving pace, distance, and route, integrating heart rate from a paired electrode chest strap, and syncing workout history to a host — and, in later Garmin models, on-wrist optical-PPG heart rate, SpO2, and respiration. Anticipates GPS-sport-watch claims from 2003 and (for the later models) wrist-optical-vitals claims. Product-side anchor for the watch × GPS-fitness cross-cut.

Englehart & Hudgins (2003) — robust real-time multifunction myoelectric (surface-EMG) control (2003-07)

id: englehart-hudgins-2003-myoelectric-control
corpus: academic
form factor: armband
creator: Kevin Englehart / Bernard Hudgins (UNB)
disclosure: Englehart K, Hudgins B. ‘A robust, real-time control scheme for multifunction myoelectric control.’ IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 2003;50(7):848-854.
ip status: public-domain
sensors: sensor-emg
algorithms: algo-hand-gesture-emg, algo-keystroke-emg
prior art notes: Discloses a real-time scheme that classifies the intended hand/finger action from multi-channel surface EMG (feature extraction over short windows, pattern-recognition classifier, continuous decision streaming) — the basis of EMG gesture-control wristbands/armbands. Any wearable claim reciting ‘classifying a hand gesture or movement intent from surface electromyography electrodes worn around the forearm/wrist’ reads on Englehart & Hudgins 2003 for the classification method; combined with the armband form factor it makes an EMG gesture-control band obvious under [[obviousness-template]]. Anchor for the EMG × gesture-recognition cross-cut; [[myo-armband-2014]] is the product.

Paradiso et al. (2005) — ‘A wearable health care system based on knitted integrated sensors’ (WEALTHY) (2005-09)

id: paradiso-2005-wealthy-knitted-smart-shirt
corpus: academic
form factor: garment
creator: Rita Paradiso / Giannicola Loriga / Nicola Taccini (Smartex / CNR, Italy; EU WEALTHY consortium)
disclosure: Paradiso R, Loriga G, Taccini N. ‘A wearable health care system based on knitted integrated sensors.’ IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine 2005;9(3):337-344. (Output of the EU FP5 ‘WEALTHY’ project, 2002-2005.)
ip status: public-domain
sensors: sensor-ecg, sensor-respiration-impedance, sensor-piezoelectric, sensor-accelerometer, sensor-skin-temperature
algorithms: algo-hr, algo-respiratory-rate, algo-activity-classification
prior art notes: Discloses a smart shirt with electrodes and sensors knitted directly into the textile (conductive yarns forming dry ECG electrodes; piezoresistive yarns forming respiration sensors via thoracic/abdominal expansion; accelerometer; temperature) plus an on-garment electronic interface and wireless link, deriving ECG, heart rate, respiration, posture/activity, and temperature — i.e. a fully integrated textile-electrode wearable. Any claim reciting ‘an item of clothing with electrodes/sensors integrated into the fabric structure for physiological monitoring’ reads on Paradiso 2005. Anchor for the garment × textile-electrode cross-cut; the foundational EU project for the smart-shirt patent space (Hexoskin, Cityzen, etc. all build on this lineage).

Rainbows End AR contact lenses and ‘wearing’ (2006)

id: rainbows-end-ar-contact-lens
corpus: fictional
form factor: contact-lens
creator: Vernor Vinge
disclosure: Vinge, Vernor. Rainbows End. Tor Books, 2006 — augmented-reality contact lenses plus clothing-integrated compute (‘wearing’), with gaze and gesture control, persistent shared overlays, view-sharing, and a developer ecosystem of competing AR platforms.
ip status: fictional
sensors: sensor-camera-eye, sensor-camera-rgb
algorithms: algo-eye-gaze-tracking
prior art notes: Among the most specific fictional anticipations of modern AR eyewear: discloses (a) AR contact lenses rendering registered overlays, (b) clothing-integrated computing and sensing as the host platform, (c) gaze tracking and subtle gesture as the primary input modality, (d) multi-user shared/synchronized overlays and view-sharing, and (e) an open developer ecosystem with competing AR layers. Relevant to AR-contact-lens claims, gaze-controlled AR claims, and shared/collaborative-AR claims. § 103 motivation, circa 2006, toward essentially the entire modern AR-eyewear feature set. Non-enabling on optics and power; pair with enabling contact-lens-display and low-power-display art.

Crysis — the ‘Nanosuit’ (mode-switchable nano-augmentation suit with HUD and neural integration) (2007-11-13)

id: crysis-nanosuit
corpus: fictional
form factor: garment
creator: Crytek / Electronic Arts
disclosure: Crysis (Crytek / EA, released 13 November 2007); the ‘Nanosuit’ — a body suit with user-selectable modes (armor, maximum strength, maximum speed, cloak), shared energy management across modes, an integrated HUD, environmental sealing, and (Crysis 2/3) direct interface with the wearer’s nervous system, even sustaining a critically injured host.
ip status: fictional
prior art notes: Discloses a powered body suit with discrete user-selectable operating modes (armor / strength / speed / cloak) drawing on a shared energy budget, an integrated HUD, environmental sealing, and a neural interface to the wearer with biometric monitoring. Relevant to powered-garment claims combining ‘a body-worn suit’, ‘multiple selectable augmentation modes sharing a power budget’, ‘a HUD’, and ‘a neural/biometric interface’. § 103 motivation as of 2007. Cf. [[halo-mjolnir-armor]], [[gantz-suit]], [[heinlein-starship-troopers-powered-armor]].

Dead Space — ‘RIG’ (suit with body-mounted health display and projected holographic UI) (2008-10-13)

id: dead-space-resource-integration-gear
corpus: fictional
form factor: garment
creator: EA Redwood Shores (Visceral Games) / Electronic Arts
disclosure: Dead Space (EA Redwood Shores / Electronic Arts, released 13 October 2008); the ‘Resource Integration Gear’ suit with a segmented LED strip on the wearer’s back/spine displaying current health (visible to others), oxygen monitoring, a holographic inventory/menu projected in front of the wearer, and a ‘stasis’ module.
ip status: fictional
algorithms: algo-spo2-estimation
prior art notes: Discloses a worn suit with (a) a body-mounted (spinal) physiological-status display readable by third parties, (b) oxygen-level monitoring, and (c) a holographic interface projected in the wearer’s view. Relevant to wearable-with-externally-visible-status-display claims combining ‘a body-worn garment’, ‘a sensor measuring a physiological parameter (e.g. SpO2 or general health state)’, and ‘a display on the garment surface presenting that parameter to onlookers’, and to body-projected holographic-UI claims. § 103 motivation as of 2008. Cf. [[logans-run-lifeclock]] (body-worn color status display), [[mass-effect-omni-tool]] (projected UI).

Pantelopoulos & Bourbakis (2010) — survey on wearable sensor-based systems for health monitoring and prognosis (2010-01)

id: pantelopoulos-bourbakis-2010-wearable-health-survey
corpus: academic
form factor: other
creator: Alexandros Pantelopoulos / Nikolaos G. Bourbakis
disclosure: Pantelopoulos A, Bourbakis NG. ‘A survey on wearable sensor-based systems for health monitoring and prognosis.’ IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews) 2010;40(1):1-12.
ip status: public-domain
sensors: sensor-ecg, sensor-ppg, sensor-spo2, sensor-accelerometer, sensor-skin-temperature, sensor-respiration-impedance
algorithms: algo-hr, algo-arrhythmia-classification, algo-spo2-estimation, algo-fall-detection, algo-activity-classification
prior art notes: Surveys, as of 2010, the architecture and components of wearable health-monitoring systems — sensors (ECG, PPG, SpO2, accelerometry, temperature, respiration), garment- and patch- and watch-based form factors, on-body processing, wireless body-area networking, and the analytics (arrhythmia, fall, activity, deterioration prediction). Prior art establishing that the general ‘multi-sensor wearable + body-area network + cloud analytics’ system architecture and its building blocks were collected and published by 2010 — useful against later claims to the bare system architecture. General anchor.

Ready Player One full-body haptic suit and visor (2011-08-16)

id: ready-player-one-haptic-suit
corpus: fictional
form factor: garment
creator: Ernest Cline
disclosure: Cline, Ernest. Ready Player One. Crown Publishers, 2011 — a head-mounted VR visor plus a full-body haptic-feedback suit (with haptic gloves and boots) that renders touch sensations across the wearer’s body and tracks body motion for immersive virtual presence.
ip status: fictional
sensors: sensor-accelerometer, sensor-gyroscope
prior art notes: Discloses an integrated VR rig: a near-eye display visor plus a full-body garment with distributed haptic actuators and distributed motion sensors, providing whole-body force/tactile feedback registered to a virtual environment and capturing the wearer’s posture and gestures. Relevant to haptic-garment claims combining ‘a body-worn garment’, ‘an array of haptic actuators at multiple body sites’, ‘motion sensors capturing body pose’, and ‘coupling to a head-mounted display’. § 103 motivation that the full-body haptic VR suit was an articulated objective by 2011.

Patel et al. (2012) — ‘A review of wearable sensors and systems with application in rehabilitation’ (2012-04-20)

id: patel-bonato-2012-wearable-sensors-rehab-review
corpus: academic
form factor: other
creator: Shyamal Patel / Hyung Park / Paolo Bonato et al.
disclosure: Patel S, Park H, Bonato P, Chan L, Rodgers M. ‘A review of wearable sensors and systems with application in rehabilitation.’ Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2012;9:21.
ip status: public-domain
sensors: sensor-accelerometer, sensor-gyroscope, sensor-emg, sensor-ecg, sensor-ppg, sensor-pressure-skin
algorithms: algo-gait-analysis, algo-activity-classification, algo-fall-detection, algo-tremor-detection, algo-bradykinesia-detection, algo-posture-detection
prior art notes: Reviews, as of 2012, wearable inertial/EMG/pressure sensor systems for movement and physiological monitoring in rehabilitation and chronic-disease management — gait analysis, activity and posture classification, fall detection, tremor and bradykinesia quantification (Parkinson’s), with the sensor placements (foot/insole, shank, thigh, trunk, wrist, forearm) and algorithms. Prior art for wearable movement-disorder and gait-monitoring claims reciting any of the placements/analytics surveyed; collected and published by 2012. General anchor for the gait / tremor / activity cross-cuts.

Hexoskin smart shirt (2014) — textile-integrated ECG, respiration and activity garment (2013)

id: hexoskin-smart-shirt-2014
corpus: private
form factor: garment
creator: Carre Technologies Inc.
disclosure: Carre Technologies Inc. (Hexoskin). ‘Hexoskin Smart Shirt’, introduced 2013 (consumer); a compression shirt with knitted dry textile electrodes for single-lead ECG, two-channel respiratory inductive plethysmography (thoracic + abdominal expansion), a 3-axis accelerometer, and a removable electronics pod, deriving HR, HRV, breathing rate/volume, cadence, steps, and sleep. (Used in NASA/CSA ‘Astroskin’ studies.)
ip status: patented
sensors: sensor-ecg, sensor-respiration-impedance, sensor-piezoelectric, sensor-accelerometer
algorithms: algo-hr, algo-hrv, algo-respiratory-rate, algo-activity-classification, algo-sleep-staging
prior art notes: Discloses a consumer/research compression shirt with textile-integrated dry ECG electrodes, two-channel respiratory inductive plethysmography (thoracic + abdominal), an accelerometer, and a removable electronics pod, deriving HR, HRV, breathing rate and volume, activity, and sleep. A commercial realization of [[paradiso-2005-wealthy-knitted-smart-shirt]]; anticipates smart-shirt claims combining ‘textile-integrated ECG and respiration sensors’ and ‘a detachable electronics module’ from 2013. Product-side anchor for the garment × textile-electrode cross-cut.

Pacific Rim — Jaeger ‘Drivesuit’ and ‘Conn-Pod’ dual-pilot neural bridge (2013-07-12)

id: pacific-rim-drivesuit-and-conn-pod
corpus: fictional
form factor: garment
creator: Guillermo del Toro / Legendary Pictures
disclosure: Pacific Rim (Warner Bros. / Legendary), released 12 July 2013; pilots wear a ‘Drivesuit’ (a body suit capturing motion and monitoring vitals) and a ‘relay-gel’/spinal-clamp helmet that creates a shared neural bridge (‘the Drift’) between two co-pilots and the mecha.
ip status: fictional
sensors: sensor-ecg, sensor-dry-eeg-electrode, sensor-accelerometer
algorithms: algo-hr
prior art notes: Discloses an instrumented pilot suit (motion capture + vital-sign monitoring) combined with head/spine-worn relays that establish a shared neural bridge between two operators and a controlled machine. Relevant to multi-operator neural-interface claims and to instrumented-bodysuit claims combining ‘a motion-capturing garment’, ‘vital-sign monitoring’, and ‘a head/spine neural relay linking multiple operators’. § 103 motivation as of 2013. Cf. [[nge-plug-suit-and-a10-clips]] (single-pilot), [[surrogates-neural-teleoperation-rig]].

Bandodkar & Wang (2014) — ‘Non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensors: a review’ (2014-07)

id: bandodkar-wang-2014-wearable-electrochemical-sensors-review
corpus: academic
form factor: other
creator: Amay J. Bandodkar / Joseph Wang (UC San Diego)
disclosure: Bandodkar AJ, Wang J. ‘Non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensors: a review.’ Trends in Biotechnology 2014;32(7):363-371.
ip status: public-domain
sensors: sensor-lactate, sensor-electrolyte, sensor-ph, sensor-glucose-cgm, sensor-alcohol-transdermal, sensor-uric-acid, sensor-cortisol
algorithms: algo-electrolyte-trend, algo-hydration-status
prior art notes: Surveys, as of 2014, wearable non-invasive electrochemical biosensors across body fluids and form factors — temporary-tattoo electrodes on the skin (sweat lactate, Na+, ammonium, pH), textile-integrated sensors, mouthguard (saliva) sensors, contact-lens (tear glucose) sensors, and the transdermal/interstitial route — including the sampling, transduction, and on-body electronics issues. Prior art for wearable-electrochemical-sensing claims reciting any of the analyte/form-factor combinations collected here; the approaches were published by 2014. General anchor for the electrochemical wearable cross-cuts.

Inan et al. (2015) — ballistocardiography and seismocardiography review (2014-10-07)

id: inan-2015-bcg-scg-review
corpus: academic
form factor: other
creator: Omer T. Inan et al.
disclosure: Inan OT, Migeotte P-F, Park K-S, Etemadi M, Tavakolian K, Casanella R, Zanetti J, Tank J, Funtova I, Prisk GK, Di Rienzo M. ‘Ballistocardiography and seismocardiography: a review of recent advances.’ IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics 2015;19(4):1414-1427.
ip status: public-domain
sensors: sensor-accelerometer, sensor-piezoelectric
algorithms: algo-hr, algo-hrv, algo-pwv-bp-estimation
prior art notes: Reviews ballistocardiography (whole-body reaction force from cardiac ejection, measured at the seat/scale/bed) and seismocardiography (local chest vibration from cardiac motion, measured by accelerometers on the sternum) and their integration into bathroom scales, weighing chairs, beds, and chest patches — i.e. the mechanical-cardiac-signal route to heart rate, HRV, and cardiac-timing-interval / stroke-volume estimation. Prior art for claims reciting ‘measuring cardiac activity from a body-worn or support-mounted accelerometer/force sensor’, as both the BCG and SCG approaches and their wearable instantiations were collected and reviewed by 2015. Anchor for the BCG/SCG cross-cut.

Axon Body 2 (2016) — networked law-enforcement body-worn camera with cloud digital-evidence chain of custody (2016-06)

id: axon-body-2-police-bodycam-2016
corpus: private
form factor: body-camera
creator: Axon Enterprise, Inc. (formerly TASER International)
disclosure: Axon Enterprise, Inc. (formerly TASER International). ‘Axon Body 2’ body-worn camera, released 2016 — a chest-mounted body camera with HD video, infrared night vision, ambient audio, pre-event buffering (the prior 30-120 s of video kept and saved on trigger), wireless LTE upload, GPS, and integrated cloud chain-of-custody on the Evidence.com platform.
ip status: patented
sensors: sensor-camera-rgb, sensor-camera-ir, sensor-microphone-air
prior art notes: Discloses a chest-worn networked law-enforcement body camera with HD video, IR night vision, audio, a pre-event circular buffer (capturing seconds before activation), GPS, wireless upload, and integrated cloud chain-of-custody. Anticipates body-worn-camera claims combining ‘a chest-mounted camera’, ‘a continuous pre-event buffer with retrospective save on trigger’, ‘wireless upload to an evidence-management cloud service’, and ‘cryptographic chain of custody’ from 2016. Product-side anchor for the body-camera cross-cut on the real side; cf. [[aliens-marine-helmet-cam]] (the 1986 fictional networked-body-cam antecedent).

Polar H10 (2017) — research-grade chest-strap ECG heart-rate sensor (2017-01)

id: polar-h10-chest-strap-2017
corpus: private
form factor: garment
creator: Polar Electro Oy
disclosure: Polar Electro Oy. ‘Polar H10’ chest heart-rate sensor, released 2017 — a chest strap with two dry electrodes deriving a single-lead ECG, computing R-R intervals and heart rate, with onboard 1-session memory, dual-broadcast (BLE + ANT+ + 5 kHz GymLink), an accelerometer (relative orientation), and well-documented R-R-interval accuracy (often used as a gold-standard reference for consumer wearables).
ip status: patented
sensors: sensor-ecg, sensor-accelerometer
algorithms: algo-hr, algo-hrv, algo-arrhythmia-classification
prior art notes: Discloses a chest strap with two dry electrodes deriving single-lead ECG, with on-strap R-R-interval computation, multi-protocol broadcast (BLE + ANT+ + the 5 kHz GymLink legacy band), and accelerometer-assisted noise rejection. Anticipates chest-strap-ECG claims combining ‘dry textile/elastic chest electrodes’, ‘on-strap derivation of R-R intervals and HR’, and ‘multi-protocol simultaneous wireless broadcast’ from 2017. Product-side anchor for the garment/patch × ECG strap cross-cut; refines [[polar-sport-tester-pe2000-1982]].

Stark ‘Iron Spider’ suit with mask HUD and AI (‘Karen’) (2017-07-07)

id: stark-iron-spider-suit
corpus: fictional
form factor: garment
creator: Marvel Studios / Sony Pictures
disclosure: Spider-Man: Homecoming (Marvel Studios / Sony), released July 7, 2017; the Stark-built suit with an in-mask heads-up display, an integrated conversational AI (‘Karen’), distributed suit sensors, environmental analysis, biometric monitoring of the wearer, a deployable drone, and configurable web-shooter telemetry.
ip status: fictional
sensors: sensor-camera-rgb, sensor-accelerometer, sensor-microphone-air
algorithms: algo-emotion-recognition
prior art notes: Discloses a smart full-body garment integrating: an in-mask near-eye HUD; a conversational AI assistant resident in the suit; distributed suit sensors and environmental analysis (object/person identification, threat assessment); biometric monitoring of the wearer (HR, respiration, stress); and reconfigurable actuator/output settings. Relevant to smart-garment and helmet-HUD claims combining ‘a body-worn garment with distributed sensors’, ‘a head-mounted display presenting environmental and physiological data’, ‘a voice AI’, and ‘wearer biometric monitoring’. § 103 motivation that the integrated sensing/HUD/AI body suit was an articulated objective by 2017.

Heikenfeld et al. (2018) — ‘Wearable sensors: modalities, challenges, and prospects’ (2018-01-16)

id: heikenfeld-2018-wearable-sensors-lab-on-chip-review
corpus: academic
form factor: other
creator: Jason Heikenfeld et al.
disclosure: Heikenfeld J, Jajack A, Rogers J, Gutruf P, Tian L, Pan T, Li R, Khine M, Kim J, Wang J, Kim J. ‘Wearable sensors: modalities, challenges, and prospects.’ Lab on a Chip 2018;18(2):217-248.
ip status: public-domain
sensors: sensor-ppg, sensor-ecg, sensor-eeg, sensor-glucose-cgm, sensor-lactate, sensor-cortisol, sensor-skin-temperature, sensor-bioimpedance
prior art notes: Authoritative 2018 review collecting wearable sensing across modalities — physical (motion, BCG/SCG, mechanoacoustic), electrophysiological (ECG/EMG/EEG), optical (PPG/SpO2, near-IR), thermal, electrochemical (sweat, saliva, tears, interstitial), and stimulation-coupled — across form factors (patch, watch, tattoo, contact lens, garment) and the challenges of body-fluid sampling, calibration, motion-artifact handling, and skin-electronics interfacing. Prior art establishing that the modality/form-factor combinations enumerated here were collected and surveyed by 2018; useful against later claims to those combinations. General anchor.

Cross-cut: garment