Intersection cross-cut: contact-lens ∩ sensor-glucose-cgm
Axes: form_factor × sensors
4 corpus entries disclose both tags.
Earliest disclosure: 2011-03-15
These entries are the direct inputs to OBVIOUSNESS_TEMPLATE.md. Any patent claim combining these two elements is anticipated or rendered obvious by the chain below.
Yao et al. (Parviz group) (2011) — contact lens with embedded electrochemical sensor for tear glucose (2011-03-15)
- id:
yao-parviz-2011-contact-lens-glucose-sensor - corpus: academic
- form factor: contact-lens
- creator: Hung Yao / Babak A. Parviz et al. (University of Washington)
- disclosure: Yao H, Shum AJ, Cowan M, Lähdesmäki I, Parviz BA. ‘A contact lens with embedded sensor for monitoring tear glucose level.’ Biosensors and Bioelectronics 2011;26(7):3290-3296.
- ip status: public-domain
- sensors: sensor-glucose-cgm, sensor-optical-glucose
- algorithms: algo-glucose-noninvasive
- prior art notes: Discloses a soft contact lens with an embedded amperometric glucose-oxidase electrochemical sensor and integrated interconnects to measure glucose in the tear film — a corneal-contact noninvasive glucose monitor. Anticipates contact-lens biosensor claims combining ‘a soft ophthalmic contact lens’, ‘an embedded electrochemical sensor at the lens surface’, and ‘detection of an analyte in the tear film (glucose)’ from 2011. Anchor for the contact-lens × biosensor cross-cut on the real side; relevant to [[rainbows-end-ar-contact-lens]] (the fictional AR-lens antecedent) and to the Google/Verily ‘smart contact lens’ patent estate.
Google[X] / Verily smart contact lens (2014) — tear-glucose-sensing contact lens project (2014-01-16)
- id:
verily-google-smart-contact-lens-2014 - corpus: private
- form factor: contact-lens
- creator: Google[X] / Verily Life Sciences (Brian Otis, Babak Parviz, et al.)
- disclosure: Google[X] (Brian Otis, Babak Parviz). ‘Smart contact lens’ project, publicly disclosed 16 January 2014 — a soft contact lens with an embedded miniature glucose sensor, antenna, and wireless interface to a phone, intended to continuously measure tear glucose. Later transferred to Verily (Alphabet’s life-sciences arm) and licensed to Novartis/Alcon; the program was reported wound down c. 2018 without a shipping product, but the underlying patent estate (Otis et al., Parviz et al.; e.g. US 8,608,310; US 9,184,698 and continuations) is extensive.
- ip status: patented
- sensors: sensor-glucose-cgm, sensor-optical-glucose
- algorithms: algo-glucose-noninvasive
- prior art notes: Discloses a soft contact lens with an embedded miniature electrochemical glucose sensor, antenna, and wireless interface for continuous tear-glucose monitoring — a major industrial follow-on to [[yao-parviz-2011-contact-lens-glucose-sensor]]. Anticipates smart-contact-lens claims combining ‘a soft ophthalmic lens’, ‘an embedded biosensor’, and ‘wireless transmission of the sensed analyte’ from 2014; the extensive associated patent family is itself prior art on most subsequent contact-lens-biosensor and embedded-lens-electronics claims. Product-side anchor for the contact-lens × biosensor cross-cut.
Bandodkar & Wang (2014) — ‘Non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensors: a review’ (2014-07)
- id:
bandodkar-wang-2014-wearable-electrochemical-sensors-review - corpus: academic
- form factor: other
- creator: Amay J. Bandodkar / Joseph Wang (UC San Diego)
- disclosure: Bandodkar AJ, Wang J. ‘Non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensors: a review.’ Trends in Biotechnology 2014;32(7):363-371.
- ip status: public-domain
- sensors: sensor-lactate, sensor-electrolyte, sensor-ph, sensor-glucose-cgm, sensor-alcohol-transdermal, sensor-uric-acid, sensor-cortisol
- algorithms: algo-electrolyte-trend, algo-hydration-status
- prior art notes: Surveys, as of 2014, wearable non-invasive electrochemical biosensors across body fluids and form factors — temporary-tattoo electrodes on the skin (sweat lactate, Na+, ammonium, pH), textile-integrated sensors, mouthguard (saliva) sensors, contact-lens (tear glucose) sensors, and the transdermal/interstitial route — including the sampling, transduction, and on-body electronics issues. Prior art for wearable-electrochemical-sensing claims reciting any of the analyte/form-factor combinations collected here; the approaches were published by 2014. General anchor for the electrochemical wearable cross-cuts.
Heikenfeld et al. (2018) — ‘Wearable sensors: modalities, challenges, and prospects’ (2018-01-16)
- id:
heikenfeld-2018-wearable-sensors-lab-on-chip-review - corpus: academic
- form factor: other
- creator: Jason Heikenfeld et al.
- disclosure: Heikenfeld J, Jajack A, Rogers J, Gutruf P, Tian L, Pan T, Li R, Khine M, Kim J, Wang J, Kim J. ‘Wearable sensors: modalities, challenges, and prospects.’ Lab on a Chip 2018;18(2):217-248.
- ip status: public-domain
- sensors: sensor-ppg, sensor-ecg, sensor-eeg, sensor-glucose-cgm, sensor-lactate, sensor-cortisol, sensor-skin-temperature, sensor-bioimpedance
- prior art notes: Authoritative 2018 review collecting wearable sensing across modalities — physical (motion, BCG/SCG, mechanoacoustic), electrophysiological (ECG/EMG/EEG), optical (PPG/SpO2, near-IR), thermal, electrochemical (sweat, saliva, tears, interstitial), and stimulation-coupled — across form factors (patch, watch, tattoo, contact lens, garment) and the challenges of body-fluid sampling, calibration, motion-artifact handling, and skin-electronics interfacing. Prior art establishing that the modality/form-factor combinations enumerated here were collected and surveyed by 2018; useful against later claims to those combinations. General anchor.