Intersection cross-cut: bracelet ∩ algo-sleep-staging

Axes: form_factor × algorithms

8 corpus entries disclose both tags.

Earliest disclosure: 1992

These entries are the direct inputs to OBVIOUSNESS_TEMPLATE.md. Any patent claim combining these two elements is anticipated or rendered obvious by the chain below.

Cole & Kripke et al. (1992) — automatic sleep/wake identification from wrist activity (the Cole-Kripke algorithm) (1992)

  • id: cole-kripke-1992-wrist-actigraphy-sleep
  • corpus: academic
  • form factor: watch
  • creator: Roger J. Cole / Daniel F. Kripke et al.
  • disclosure: Cole RJ, Kripke DF, Gruen W, Mullaney DJ, Gillin JC. ‘Automatic sleep/wake identification from wrist activity.’ Sleep 1992;15(5):461-469.
  • ip status: public-domain
  • sensors: sensor-accelerometer
  • algorithms: algo-sleep-staging, algo-activity-classification
  • prior art notes: Discloses an algorithm that classifies each epoch as sleep or wake from a wrist-worn activity (accelerometer) recording, validated against polysomnography — i.e. wrist actigraphy as a wearable sleep monitor. Any consumer-wearable claim reciting ‘estimating sleep/wake state from a wrist-worn accelerometer signal’ (the method underlying Fitbit/Jawbone-class sleep tracking) reads on Cole-Kripke 1992. Anchor for the accelerometry sleep-staging cross-cut; combined with the wrist form factor it makes wristworn sleep tracking obvious under [[obviousness-template]].

Sadeh et al. (1994) — activity-based sleep-wake identification (the Sadeh algorithm) (1994)

  • id: sadeh-1994-actigraphy-sleep-wake-algorithm
  • corpus: academic
  • form factor: watch
  • creator: Avi Sadeh / Katherine M. Sharkey / Mary A. Carskadon
  • disclosure: Sadeh A, Sharkey KM, Carskadon MA. ‘Activity-based sleep-wake identification: an empirical test of methodological issues.’ Sleep 1994;17(3):201-207.
  • ip status: public-domain
  • sensors: sensor-accelerometer
  • algorithms: algo-sleep-staging, algo-activity-classification
  • prior art notes: A second widely-used wrist-actigraphy sleep/wake scoring algorithm, with explicit treatment of the methodological choices (epoch length, scoring window, scaling). Prior art alongside [[cole-kripke-1992-wrist-actigraphy-sleep]] for any wearable claim reciting an actigraphy-based sleep-detection method or its parameters; both were published and validated by 1994.

Ancoli-Israel et al. (2003) — ‘The role of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms’ (2003-05)

  • id: ancoli-israel-2003-actigraphy-review
  • corpus: academic
  • form factor: watch
  • creator: Sonia Ancoli-Israel et al. (American Academy of Sleep Medicine review)
  • disclosure: Ancoli-Israel S, Cole R, Alessi C, Chambers M, Moorcroft W, Pollak CP. ‘The role of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms.’ Sleep 2003;26(3):342-392.
  • ip status: public-domain
  • sensors: sensor-accelerometer
  • algorithms: algo-sleep-staging
  • prior art notes: Authoritative review establishing wrist actigraphy — a wrist-worn accelerometer/activity recorder analyzed by validated algorithms — as an accepted method for estimating sleep parameters and circadian rhythm. Prior art for the proposition that a wrist-worn motion sensor with appropriate scoring yields clinically meaningful sleep metrics; the field, methods, and validation were settled and reviewed by 2003.

Fitbit Tracker (2009) — clip-on accelerometer activity and sleep monitor (2009-10)

  • id: fitbit-tracker-2009
  • corpus: private
  • form factor: pendant
  • creator: Fitbit, Inc. (James Park, Eric Friedman)
  • disclosure: Fitbit, Inc. ‘Fitbit Tracker’, launched October 2009 — a clip-worn device with a 3-axis accelerometer estimating steps, distance, calories burned, active minutes, and sleep quality, syncing wirelessly to a web dashboard. (The wrist PPG heart-rate variant, Fitbit Charge HR, followed in January 2015.)
  • ip status: patented
  • sensors: sensor-accelerometer
  • algorithms: algo-step-count, algo-calorie-estimation, algo-activity-classification, algo-sleep-staging
  • prior art notes: Discloses a small body-worn (clip) device with a 3-axis accelerometer that estimates step count, distance, calories, active minutes, and sleep quality on-device and syncs wirelessly to a cloud dashboard. Anticipates consumer-activity-tracker claims combining ‘a body-worn accelerometer’, ‘on-device estimation of steps/calories/activity/sleep’, and ‘wireless sync to a remote service’ from 2009. Anchor for the step-count and consumer-sleep-tracking cross-cuts on the product side.

The Circle — ‘SeeChange’ wearable cameras and employee health wristbands (2013-10-08)

  • id: the-circle-seechange-and-health-wristbands
  • corpus: fictional
  • form factor: bracelet
  • creator: Dave Eggers
  • disclosure: Eggers, Dave. The Circle. Alfred A. Knopf, 2013 (film adaptation 2017); ‘SeeChange’ miniature wearable/mountable cameras streaming continuously, and employee wristbands (worn in pairs on each wrist) that continuously monitor heart rate, activity, sleep, and other physiological data and upload it to the company.
  • ip status: fictional
  • sensors: sensor-ppg, sensor-accelerometer, sensor-camera-rgb
  • algorithms: algo-hr, algo-step-count, algo-sleep-staging
  • prior art notes: Discloses (a) continuously-worn wristbands with PPG and motion sensing that stream heart rate, activity, and sleep data to an employer, and (b) tiny body-wearable always-streaming cameras. Relevant to workplace-wellness wearable claims combining ‘a wrist-worn PPG/motion sensor’, ‘continuous physiological streaming to a remote/employer system’, and to body-worn-camera streaming claims. § 103 motivation that the employer-monitored wrist wearable and the always-streaming wearable camera were articulated objectives by 2013.

Microsoft Band (2014) — ten-sensor wristband (optical HR, GPS, GSR, UV, skin temp, barometer, ambient light, capacitive, microphone, IMU) (2014-10-30)

  • id: microsoft-band-2014
  • corpus: private
  • form factor: watch
  • creator: Microsoft Corp.
  • disclosure: Microsoft Corp. ‘Microsoft Band’, released 30 October 2014 — a wristband integrating ten sensors: an optical (PPG) heart-rate sensor, a 3-axis accelerometer/gyroscope, GPS, an ambient-light sensor, a skin-temperature sensor, a UV sensor, a capacitive (wear-detection) sensor, a galvanic-skin-response sensor, a microphone, and a barometer (added in Band 2).
  • ip status: patented
  • sensors: sensor-ppg, sensor-accelerometer, sensor-gyroscope, sensor-skin-temperature, sensor-uv, sensor-gsr, sensor-barometer, sensor-photodiode-ambient, sensor-microphone-air
  • algorithms: algo-hr, algo-step-count, algo-calorie-estimation, algo-sleep-staging, algo-stress-index, algo-uv-dose-tracking
  • prior art notes: Discloses a single wristband integrating an unusually broad sensor suite — reflectance-PPG HR, IMU, GPS, skin temperature, UV exposure, galvanic skin response (electrodermal activity), barometer, ambient light, capacitive wear-detection, and a microphone — feeding HR, activity, sleep, UV dose, and stress-index estimations. Prior art for multi-sensor-wristband claims reciting combinations of these sensors (notably wrist GSR/EDA + PPG + skin temperature for stress) from October 2014. Product-side anchor for the multi-sensor wristband cross-cut.

WHOOP Strap (2015) — display-less wrist/bicep PPG band for continuous HR/HRV, sleep and recovery (2015)

  • id: whoop-strap-2015
  • corpus: private
  • form factor: bracelet
  • creator: WHOOP, Inc. (Will Ahmed)
  • disclosure: WHOOP, Inc. ‘WHOOP Strap’, launched 2015 — a screenless band worn on the wrist or upper arm with photoplethysmography, a 3-axis accelerometer, and skin-temperature sensing, providing continuous heart rate, heart-rate variability, respiratory rate, sleep staging, and a derived ‘recovery’ score, with no on-device display.
  • ip status: patented
  • sensors: sensor-ppg, sensor-accelerometer, sensor-skin-temperature
  • algorithms: algo-hr, algo-hrv, algo-respiratory-rate, algo-sleep-staging, algo-activity-classification
  • prior art notes: Discloses a display-less band worn on the wrist or upper arm with PPG, accelerometry, and skin-temperature sensing that continuously derives HR, HRV, respiratory rate, and sleep stages and combines them into a daily ‘recovery’ index, with no screen (companion-app readout). Anticipates screenless-band claims and PPG-derived-HRV/recovery-score claims from 2015. Product-side anchor for the bracelet × PPG cross-cut and the HRV cross-cut.

Fitbit Charge HR (2015) — wristband with continuous wrist-PPG heart rate (‘PurePulse’) (2015-01-06)

  • id: fitbit-charge-hr-2015
  • corpus: private
  • form factor: watch
  • creator: Fitbit, Inc.
  • disclosure: Fitbit, Inc. ‘Fitbit Charge HR’, announced January 2015 — a wristband with ‘PurePulse’ continuous optical (green-LED PPG) heart rate, a 3-axis accelerometer, steps/distance/floors/calories/active-minutes, automatic sleep tracking, and call/text notifications.
  • ip status: patented
  • sensors: sensor-ppg, sensor-accelerometer, sensor-barometer
  • algorithms: algo-hr, algo-step-count, algo-calorie-estimation, algo-activity-classification, algo-sleep-staging
  • prior art notes: Discloses a wristband with continuous green-LED reflectance-PPG heart rate plus accelerometry and an altimeter, deriving HR, steps, floors, calories, and sleep, with phone notifications. A mainstream realization of [[mendelson-ochs-1988-reflectance-pulse-oximetry]]-geometry wrist PPG; anticipates wrist-PPG-HR-band claims from January 2015. Product-side anchor for the watch × PPG cross-cut alongside [[apple-watch-original-2015]].

Public domain (CC0 1.0). The corpus IS the prior art commons.

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